Causes Of Gastroenteritis And Its Effects On The Elderly...

Background of the Norovirus The most common cause of Gastroenteritis in the United States is triggered by the Norovirus with approximately 21 million cases per year, which contributes to nearly 800 deaths and 71,000-hospitalization annually.1 The virus not only afflict United States Citizens but, persons all over the world. Worldwide Norovirus accounts for 9 to 24% of all sporadic gastroenteritis.2 Norovirus is a very contagious virus that affects people of all ages, sexes, genders, and ethnicities, with the most adverse health effects for the elderly and the young. The most severe health affects occur in children under 5 years of age and adults over the age of 65, because they are considered immunocompromised.3 Recurrences often occurs because the virus is extremely diverse and lacks long-term immunity. Therefore, there are many ways in which a person can contract the virus, which includes drinking contaminated water or touching contaminated surfaces. In the case definition of norovirus, the afflicted p ersons experience issues with their intestines and stomach, or experience acute gastroenteritis; this is followed by severe vomiting and diarrhea.1 Pathophysiology of Norovirus Pathophysiology is the biological and physical study of a disease that focuses on how the body contracts the disease, and the reactions the body gives from contracting the disease. Norovirus is transmitted through exposure, to aerosols, direct person-to-person contact, and indirect contactShow MoreRelatedA Literature Review Of The Norovirus928 Words   |  4 PagesSouthampton Virus and the Norwalk Virus. Noroviruses under GII genotype include the Lordsdale Virus, Hawaii Virus, Mexico Virus, Bristol Virus and the Snow Mountain Virus. The rest of this paper covers the characteristics of the Norovirus, the diseases it causes, its diagnosis and treatment, its hosts and finally its prevalence in the United States. Figure 1 shows the appearance of the Norovirus, as taken using X-ray diffraction method by Prasad et al. Figure 2 shows other characteristics of the virus (SwissRead MoreOutline And References Of Disease Surveillance Essay3488 Words   |  14 Pagesdisease and calculate a nearby hospital s ability to handle the expected increase in patients if an outbreak should occur. Public health organizations also rely on GIS analysis to assess data collected in the process of monitoring long-term health effects. (ESRI, 2015) Compared with tables and charts, maps developed using GIS technology can be an effective way to help community public health organisations visualize and understand the extent of the disease penetration and demands within a geographicalRead MoreAnimal Husbandry And Hygiene Behaviors Associated With Calf Rearing1805 Words   |  8 PagesCalf diarrhea or ‘scours’ is a commonly reported disease and a significant cause of economic losses and decreasing productivity of dairy producers. Disease prevention and management is important from both a calf and public health perspective due to positive association between exposure to domestic animals and human diarrheal disease. The aim of the community report and scientific review is to identify the zoonotic enteric diseases of neonatal calves and identify animal husbandry and hygiene behaviorsRead MoreIntroduction to Diseases10781 Words   |  44 Pages ASTHMA Asthma is a disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Asthma is caused by inflammation in the airways. When an asthma attack occurs, the muscles surrounding the airways become tight and the lining of the air passages swells. This reduces the amount of air that can pass by. Common causes of asthma attacks are: †¢ Animals (pet hair or dander) Read MoreAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagesgap between actual outbreak statistics and the public perception of what foods have the highest incidence of illness from microbes. In 1999,When ranking the most dangerous food in response to the question As far as you know what specific foods may cause food poisoning or foodborne illness, Canadians listed in the order shown in Table 1.2. Table 1.1. Six most prevalent North American outbreak associated foods 1990-2002 (Center for Science in the Public Interest, 2002; U.S. Centers for Disease

The Negative Effects Of Foster Care - 1324 Words

For many years, foster care has been a difficult subject throughout our society. When the idea of foster care comes to mind, many immediately think of screaming children, distressed parenting and uphill battles. Before foster care existed in the United States, orphaned children were sent to orphanages. While these institutions were often the best option available to children with nowhere else to go, they often lacked the necessary staff, structure and resources to adequately care for all of the children in need. As a result, some orphanages were overcrowded, and children lived in poor conditions. Some children even died due to the lack of sufficient care (Adoptions, 2017). In order to give children better living situations, the United†¦show more content†¦Problem behavior in the foster children was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), which measures the domains of behavior problems and social competence in children. The results of this questionnaire were calcu lated into three scores: an Internalizing score, an Externalizing score, and a Total Problem score. The results of the study showed that there was a negative correlation with positive parenting and problem behavior. When foster mothers showed their foster children positive parenting styles, such as involvement with the child, there were less signs of problem behavior observed in the foster child. On the other hand, factors such as discipline, harsh punishment, and negative control were positive correlated. If foster mothers showed an increase in these factors in their parenting, there were more signs of problem behavior observed in the foster child. In using negative parenting strategies, this breaks the positive relationship wth the foster child, thus increasing problem behavior. Because of the age groups of the children in the study, these findings may be applicable towards both children in foster care as well as those children who are not in foster care. Even with these strengths , there are limitations to this study. The design is the first limitation. The longitudinal design of this study, as well as the modest radius of the subject pool, made for this to beShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects Of Foster Care3271 Words   |  14 PagesWill Mohamed Mrs. Landgrebe Advanced Composition/ 3 21 December 2014 The Negative Effects of Foster Care: RD â€Å"Family is forever.† Many people believe that this quote happens to be true. Everyone wants to believe that their family will always be there for them, and support the decisions that they make. For a normal family is quote would be accurate. On the other hand, there are families that will not be together forever. This is not just a choice that these certain families make, it is forced uponRead MoreFoster Care Literature Review882 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Foster care is a growing epidemic in the United States. Youth who are involved in foster care are more likely to have contact with the criminal justice system, become addicts, and not be able to find employment. As a society we try to care for the child as best as we can. The average cost to help provide for a child is roughly $11,000 per year. The rate of a child being neglected in foster care is much higher than a child living with biological parents that’s being neglected. A childRead MoreEffects Of Being A Foster Child1155 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Being a Foster Child 1 Effects of Being a Foster Child Ashleigh Martinez Arapahoe Community College â€Æ' Effects of Being a Foster Child 2 Abstract Foster care is designed to be a temporary living situation until a permanent home is available. Although there are positives of foster care, there can be negatives as well. It is important to be cognizant of both in order to prevent the potential harmful outcomes of foster care, and to make it a more beneficial experienceRead MoreEffects Of Being A Foster Care On Children And Adolescents1219 Words   |  5 PagesKom Kunyosing Cause and Effect Essay November 16, 2015 Effects of being in foster care on children and adolescents Being in foster care can either have a positive effect on someone or it could have a very negative effect on someone. In my case, it not only had a positive effect but it also had some downfalls. Most often times children/adolescents are placed in foster care because it is a safer environment for them to live in. Foster care is positive in many waysRead MoreA Deeper Look Into Child Welfare Services1039 Words   |  5 Pagesare programs designed to protect children. There are foster care, group homes, and other services for children safety. The Child Protective Services in Alabama has the sole purpose of helping children in cases of neglect and abuse (Child Protective Services). These services include foster care programs where children who are at risk of harm from birth family, or who suffers from mental, emotional, or physical issues. These services provide care to all children who meet the state qualifications andRead MoreChild Maltreatment And The Child Welfare System Essay1 558 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Foster care is defined as an out of home placement outside of the biological family. Individuals are placed in foster care due to some form of child maltreatment, rather it be sexual abuse, neglect, and/or physical abuse. Adolescents who age out of the foster care system are between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years old who are still in the child welfare system and have not been adopted. Aging out of the foster care systems means that adolescents currently in the child welfareRead MoreCommon Examples Of Child Protective Service1687 Words   |  7 Pagesgenerally removed from their home and placed into a foster home in attempts to keep them safe (Carlson, Egeland Lawrence, 2006). Common examples of Child Protective Service (CPS) referrals include physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological maltreatment (McWey Mullis, 2004). In 2001 it was estimated that nearly 542,000 children were in foster care in the United States and that the number of children in foster care excee ded the number of available foster homes by nearly 30-40% (Carlson, Egeland LawrenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Children On Foster Care1286 Words   |  6 PagesImproving Foster Care Homes: The Effects of Children in Foster Care In America it is stated that 1 in every 84 children live in foster care circumstances via Statistics on Foster Care. There is a numerous amount of contrasting children from various backgrounds and ages living within these special housing homes, and many are repeatedly in and out from unstable circumstances. As children grow and mature into the new faces of the world, they face many obstacles and tribulations that will alter theirRead MoreFoster Care Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesFoster care is care for children outside the home that substitutes for parental care. The child may be placed with a family, relatives or strangers, in a group home (where up to a dozen foster children live under the continuous supervision of a parental figure), or in an institution (McDonald). No matter the form of placement, this type of upheaval in a young child’s life is bound to cause the need for many adjustments. Aside from having to adjust to a different family, peers, schooling and possiblyR ead MoreShould Children Of Alcoholic Parents Be Placed? Foster Care? Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesShould children of alcoholic parents be placed in foster care? Alcoholism is a disease caused by an excessive consumption of alcoholic substances. Alcoholism causes many psychological and behavioral problems which include disruption of social and work life, hand tremors, blackouts, obsessive desire to drink, inclination towards violence, among other problems. Alcoholism might cause violent reaction towards other people, usually the people who suffer of these violent reactions are the ones that are

65279epression Essay Example For Students

65279epression Essay Many health professionals classify depression as a mood disorder that affects apersons thoughts and feelings. A person with bipolar (episodes of depression) or manicdepression, swings wildly from frantic highs to numbing lows. A person with unipolardepression (one or more episodes of depression) experiences only the lows. Both types ofdepression cause major depressive episodes characterized by bleak moods, irritability, sadness,pessimism, anger, anxiety, hostility, guilt and a conviction that their misery will neverA major-depressive episode can occur at any age, but is usually first experienced bypeople in their late twenties. Major depression is twice as common in women as in men. Some factors that can increase a persons susceptibility to an episode of depression arechronic physical illness, alcohol, cocaine and other drugs, the death of a loved one, or divorce. Occasionally childbirth precipitates a major depressive episode, which is called postpartumdepression and can range from mild to severe. One famous person we all know who suffered from depression was Abraham Lincoln. HeI am now the most miserable man living, If what Ifeel were equally distributed to the whole human family,there would not be one cheerful face on earth. Whether I shall ever be better, I cannot tell; I awfullyforebode I shall not. To remain as I am is impossible. I must die or be better, it appears to me. The sooner a person realizes that he or she is depressed the easier it is to break out of thedownward spiral. A number of self-help strategies can help the mildly depressed. More seriousand persistent forms of depression will require professional treatment. Here are some self-helpstrategies: Exercise and weight lifting will help your mind as well as your body. Do things you enjoy hobbies, activities, sports. Understand your problems, and take time to be alone (chill time) a dayGive yourself a break- dont be critical or negative about yourself (Im ugly orSelf-help groups find a sympathetic listener. Some professional treatments are psychotherapy, antidepressant drugs, specialfluorescent light, and shock therapy.(The Encyclopedia of Health, Depression 37-38)Depression can be placed under several theories, the Behavioral and Cognitive becauseof environmental conditions. The Psychoanalytic Approach because of the unconscious mindand early childhood experiences. The Humanistic Approach because of personal growth and freewill. The Behavioral Neuroscience Approach because there could be something mentally wrong. The Sociocultural Approach because it has to do with behavior, thought and emotions. My personal experience with depression has been minimal. I have had my bad moods butthey have been short. My main problem with depression was after the birth of my second child. Isuffered from postpartum depression but it was mild. I agree that exercise and staying busy aregreat for working through depression. I walked as my main exercise and I worked in the yard alot. I think you can overcome depression if you really want to. Bibliography:

Prelimsofte Essay Example

Prelimsofte Essay Down Town Videos is a chain of 11 video stores scattered throughout a major metropolitan area in the Midwest. The chain started with a single store several years ago and has grown to its present size. Paul Lowes, the owner of the chain, knows that competing with the national chains will require a state-of-the-art movie rental system. You have been asked to develop the system requirements for the new system. Each store has a stock of movies and video games for rent. For this first iteration, just focus on the movies. It is important to keep track of each movie title: to know and to identify its category (classical, drama, comedy, and so on), its rental type (new release, standard), movie rating, and other general information such as movie producer, release date, and cost. In addition to tracking each title, the business must track individual copies to note their purchase date, their condition, their type (VHS or DVD), and their rental status. User functions must be provided to maintain this inventory information. Customers, the lifeblood of the business, are also tracked. Down Town considers each household to be a customer, so special mailings and promotions are offered to each household. For any given customer, several people may be authorized to rent videos and games. The primary contact for each customer can also establish rental parameters for other members of the household. For example, if a parent wants to limit a child’s rental authorization to only PG and PG-13 movies, the system will track that. Each time a movie is rented, the system must keep track of which copies of which movies are rented, the rental date and time and the return date and time, and the household and person renting the movie. We will write a custom essay sample on Prelimsofte specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Prelimsofte specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Prelimsofte specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Each rental is considered to be open until all of the movies and games have been returned. Customers pay for rentals when checking out videos at the store. Deliverables based on the Unified Process Disciplines: I. Business Modeling a) Given the case background, make a list expected system objectives, business benefits and system capabilities for the Downtown Videos Rental System. b) Develop a work breakdown structure for the case above. c) Build a Gantt chart using MS Project or any project management tool. Identify the tasks, dependencies and durations. Give your own assumptions. Print out both the PERT chart and Gantt chart. II. Requirements a) To what events must the video rental system respond? Create a complete event table listing the event, trigger, source, use case, response, and destination for each event. b) Draw a class diagram to represent the domain model for the video rental system, including the attributes mentioned. c) Draw a class diagram to extend the domain model that assumes there are different types of movies and videos. Create a generalization/specialization hierarchy in the class diagram. Using the event table and domain class diagram for that system as a starting point, develop the following object-oriented models: d) Develop a use case diagram. e) Develop a fully developed use case description for each of the use cases having to do with renting and checking in movies and for the use cases to maintain customer and family member information. f) Develop an activity diagram for each use case. Consider the requirements of the The Downtown Videos Rental System. Assume that you are the project manager and that you work for a consulting firm hired to perform requirements and architectural design activities. Assume that system users and owners have indicated a strong desire for a system that can be accessed â€Å"anytime, anywhere. † III. Design a) Discuss the implications of the anytime, anywhere requirement for the application deployment environment. What type(s) of hardware, network, and software architecture will be required to fulfill that requirement? b) Develop a three-layer architecture using ordinary PCs running Web browsers to implement the view layer. Draw a network diagram to represent your solution.